Knock Limits in Spark Ignited Direct Injected Engines Using Gas/Corn blends

[FoMoCoSHO]

http://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/69496/775670245-MIT.pdf?sequence=2

Long read but lots of info.

A tidbit....

"The divergence of the lines means that the realized charge cooling increases with air temperature.
This is to be expected to some extent, as hotter intake air makes evaporation easier and thus reduces the chances of fuel wall wetting"

 

[FoMoCoSHO]

Another MIT paper that was being written concurrently with the one above...

" Since there is high turbulence in the manifold, heat transfer to and from the air charge can be high before the air enters the cylinder consequently effecting MAP."

"The lower manifold pressures for E85 are due to ethanol's high heat of evaporation, causing the air charge to be cooled. This decreases the density of the air-fuel mixture in the cylinder, pulling more air in from the manifold, and decreasing MAP"

http://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/59952/676953430-MIT.pdf